Addition and multiplication of waves

Spherical harmonics can present itself as two sine- or cosine waves, which are perpendicular to one another and additative or multiplicative overlap.. Zwei solcher Wellen lassen sich nach folgenden qualitativen Regeln addieren:

2.2.1 - Zero-grid


	Illustration 2.2.1 – Nullgitter

The zero points of both waves are transferred on the consideration level, as shown in Illustration 2.2.1 right. This is a tesseral spherical harmonic with: G₀ = sin α × sin β

	2.2.2 - Pole forming: 1) + and + is + 2) – and – is – 3) + and – is 0
Illustration 2.2.2 – multiplication

This procedure results in fields with different portents or different states. There exist three oscillations states: positive(+), negative(-), neutral(0)

	2.2.3 - Grid forming: It is striking that all zero fields are diagonal to each other. Connecting the zero fields as shown in Illustration 2.2.3..
Illustration 2.2.3 – generated grid

2.2.4 - Definition:

The (red) grid-like structure is then called basic field or grid or generated field. The (blue) producing waves are called basic oscillations.

The basic field:
G = sin α + sin β

While the mathematical concept of spherical harmonics does not ask for the cause of the oscillation field, so the underlying waves must be included on the physical examination.

The term of the basic field does this. The basic field is defined by the basic oscillations.

The name basic field is regarded as a physical equivalent to the mathematical concept of tesseral spherical harmonics.

The multiplication of the waves works as seen first in a discreet manner and way.
A continuous point multiplication of two perpendicular to one another standing waves result in grid pattern, with alternating polarities of the grid fields, as in the illustration 2.2.4 shown.

This shows that the field maxima and minima field points occur in the middle of the squares, while the lines consist of zero values.

The field maxima are there as hills, while the valleys are formed by the field minima.

On the bottom left and right in the left image the generating oscillations are visible. It is also visible that two generated grid fields result in an (generated) oscillation.

It is possible here to draw a second grid. It is the maximum grid. It combines the field maxima and minima, so the top of the hill and the valley bottoms in the illustration 2.2.4 and represents the extreme gradient of the field.

This allows two perspectives of the grid:

2.2.6 - Definition:

1) the generated grid is described in the plane of basic oscillations with: G = sin α + sin β

2) The generated gird is described in the grid plane itself: G = sin φ × sin λ

Both coordinate systems differ, they are turned against each other by 45 degrees.

For Illustration:

A physical analogue to the ground field are the

For producing the figures, a metal plate is sprinkled with sand and then moved to vibration.
When resonance occurs at certain frequencies with the natural frequencies of the plate, than the entire plate begins to oscillate.
Thus, the sand exactly in the places stays where the amplitude of the vibration is zero.

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200 sides, 23 of them in color
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38 tables

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	Copyright © Klaus Piontzik


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